Nonprofit Organizations and Entrepreneurship

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Analysis Method

A qualitative research design gives the researcher the possibility to influence the data collection when choosing interactive approaches like field study or interviews (Easterby-Smith et al., 2015). The design however can also be based on more passive forms of data collection e.g. textual data (company reports and letters). In this most of the data has been collected through interviews, but some textual data has been collected to support the validity of the interviews.
How the data is collected has an impact on how it should be treated and analyzed (Easterby-Smith et al., 2015). Stake (1995) stresses that there is no specific time when analysis begins; it is an ongoing process from the very beginning of a study takes place. He furthermore addresses that data analysis is about taking something apart and putting it back together in a more meaningful way (Stake, 1995). This is done by constant observations and sensemaking followed with aggregations and direct interpretations to understand relationships and patterns. Hence, in order to make sense of the data that has been collected it needs to be categorized where similarities in the answers occur. It is important to understand that patterns can be discovered and followed directly in the collection process but also later in the process while coding the findings.
Mason (2002) explains how important it is for the researcher to understand how the ontological and epistemological perspectives affect the analysis of data. We would like to phasize that: As our epistemological standpoint is of the social constructionist character, our analysis will not contribute to a holistic truth. Also, the ontological perspective of relativism will have an impact on our interpretation of the empirical findings, since this view also emphasize on the role of the researcher as a part of the research (Easterby-Smith et al., 2015; Mason, 2002). This is where reflexivity becomes important to address, which we have elaborated on in the first part of this chapter.
Nevertheless, we would like to emphasize some fundamental assumptions about ourselves as researchers: We assume that we are knowledgeable enough to find and understand patterns in our data since we have a profound understanding of the entrepreneurship theories but also because of our own participation within this body of organizations. This practical knowledge will strengthen our ability to analyze the data and formulate the data in an academic manner and construct theory around it.
Yet, the qualitative research method leaves the researcher with a large amount of data that needs to be structured before it is presented (Mason, 2002). Mason (2002) explains that data gathered through a qualitative approach needs to be categorized, organized and sorted, which cannot be done without already starting the process of interpretation and analysis. The only way to avoid subjectivity completely would be to present the data in its rawest form, which is not a feasible option since the length of the thesis is restricted, but also because we want to establish a study that is easy for the reader to approach. With this in mind, we need to choose a strategy for how to present and thereby analyze the data we gather in an efficient and representable manner. Also, we need to find a strategy that enables us to fulfil our research purpose and thus be open to new findings. Yet, this is very complex since “there is no standardised approach to the analysis of qualitative data” (Saunders et al., 2007, p. 478), instead there are some traditions to approaches.

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Trustworthiness

Conducting a reliable and valid research is central to ensure quality of this thesis. Guba and Lincon (1994) present some aspects that should be considered while planning the research and ensure quality in studies with a qualitative design. The first aspect they mention is the aspect of credibility: That the results of the research are believable from the perspective of the participant (Guba & Lincon, 1994). Hence, that the data collected is representative, even in the eyes of the participants. Therefore, all empirical data that has been gathered and used in this thesis is read and confirmed by the participants before the publication of the thesis. This step of the research is not only important to confirm credibility, but should also be seen from an ethical point-of-view. In this way, we make sure that the dignity of the participants are respected, that no harm comes to the participants and that the findings presented are accurate (Easterby-Smith et al., 2015).
The second aspect presented by Guba and Lincon (1994) refers to the transferability of the research. Meaning that the results of the research can be generalized or transferred to other contexts (Guba & Lincon, 1994). To ensure the transferability of our research we have thoroughly presented the research context and our assumptions. We think that the result of the study is generalizable to all Swedish Judo associations, but a more research is required to find a general model of EO in the Swedish sport community.
Dependability is the third aspect to consider according to Guba and Lincon (1994). This aspect of a research reflects the dependability between the result and the researcher (Guba & Lincon, 1994). Thus, would we come to the same conclusion if someone else did the research? We have carefully presented our research methodology and method in this chapter. Therefore, anyone can conduct an exact copy of the research. However, since we are studying a social phenomenon we cannot neglect the fact that the context is ever-changing (Guba & Lincon, 1994) and therefore the results would maybe differ from ours.

1Introduction .
1.1Problem
1.2Purpose .
1.3Structure .
1.4Delimitations
1.5Definitions
2Theoretical Framework
2.1Entrepreneurial Orientation .
2.1.1Innovativeness
2.1.2Risk-taking .
2.1.3Proactiveness
2.1.4Competitive Aggressiveness
2.1.6Summary of the EO-Dimensions
2.2Nonprofit Organizations and Entrepreneurship
2.2.1Motivations, Processes and Outcomes
2.2.2Other dimensions of EO .
2.3Sport Associations in Swede
2.4Sport Managemen
2.5Summary
3Methodology
3.1Research Philosophy
3.2Research Design
3.3Research Method and Research Format
3.4Choice of Respondents
3.5Data Collection .
3.5.1Interviews
3.5.2Textual Data
3.6Analysis Method .
3.7Trustworthiness
4Empirical Findings
4.1The Swedish Judo Federation
4.1.1Kata Committee
4.2IK Södra
4.3IK Västra Mölndal
4.4Stenungsund JK
4.5Västbo Judo
4.6Staffanstorps Judo
4.7Dalby Judoklubb .
4.8LUGI Judoklubb
4.9Kenkyo Budoförening
5Analysis
5.1Dimensions of EO.
5.1.1Innovativeness ..
5.1.2Risk-taking
5.1.3Proactiveness
5.1.3.1 Internal Proactiveness
5.1.4Competitive Aggressiveness
5.1.5Autonomy
5.2Motivations for Entrepreneurial Behavior
6Conclusion
7Discussion
References