ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN HEALTHCARE

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Results

After analyses all the related material we have concluded our results in the shape of models and their realization in the shape of Ontology. We have reviewed the relevant literature to get the sufficient knowledge about our problem domain. And then we have selected a constructive research to formulate our work in a proper manner and we also have used a Methontology to implement our models in an ontology language, so we have used (Protégé 34 to develop ontology. During our work we have discussions with the domain experts and also have workshops to discuss and to present our work.
The conceptual model shows the broad view of the proposed model for the healthcare information system, which shows its overall functionality. Afterwards we have designed a competence model that will also be implemented in ontology. We have studied number of different competency models in different literature and have got a basic idea about the competency modelling and then we have designed the competency model for our domain of interest (Health care) as shown below.
Actually modelling is the technique to show the different concepts into diagrammatic form and define the relation between them. So according to it we have designed our models and divided them into different sub models to describe them easily.

Workshops

During our work we have arranged two workshops with domain experts to ensure the quality and the applicability of our models. During these workshops we have discussed our work in detail with the domain experts to validate our results.

First workshop

This workshop had been held in the start of our work the purpose of this workshop was to validate our results and to specify the scope of the work. We have presented our model to the experts to validate it. We have also discussed about the improvement of the model and also about all the consequences of its realization into ontology.

Second workshop

This workshop had been held in the middle of our work after the completion of our design phase we have discussed our work with the domain experts in this workshop. The main purpose of this workshop was to get the more specific detailed information about the domain. In this workshop we have discussed about the different roles in a hospital in different departments and the recourses that have been used there. And which type of information these resources have and who are the indented users of that resources.
In this workshop we have discussed about the different roles of Doctors and nurses in different departments in “Ryhove Hospital Jonkoping”. Because the expert was a Doctor in that hospital and we have tried to get the real life data to implement our design.
Lets take an example of Emergency Department there are different doctors performs their duties in this department like.
One surgeon
One anaesthesiologist
One child specialist
One woman specialist
These are the most common Doctors in the emergency department it could be depends on the internal infrastructure of a specific hospital.

Ontology Reuse

As we have described earlier about the different ways of reusing Ontologies like, the existing domain knowledge and ontology in to a resulting work. And also have discussed some classifications regarding to healthcare.
We have decided to reuse the competence ontology from the V. Tarasov, K. Sandkuhl [12]. We have reused the occupational competence in our work because it seems to be more relevant to our domain as well. By occupational competency we can measure the proficiency level of a specific user and it will be used to filter the information as well. We have used it in our work because it is already tested and working in another domain.
As we have discussed earlier, there are different classification that are relevant to our problem domain and we have decided to reuse them in our work. We have used those three classifications in our ontology to structure our work properly like we have used the international standard classifications of occupation to generally categories the different job levels and roles in a specific organization. Also uses the international standard classification if diseases in our work to get the different coding scheme of diseases and to help the users to find the information related to different diseases their symptoms and causes.

Conceptual Model

The above figure-7 shows the conceptual model of our healthcare system. Our system is a competence model, for the potentials users: Medical staff, county council staff and pharmaceutical company staff. System gives opportunity to its intended readers to search out about the current going diseases information, diseases classification, treatment tips and different issues about health problem by using the different organization resources. The user will search about the diseases according his or her area of speciality.
A user request to get desired information, a context is built to accomplish the user needed information. This context is built according the ontology domain of problem area, related task and available resources. After getting information from the system, user can also edit the information by using his proficiencies and experiences. Similarly user is eligible to generate report for different purposes. Any new information that is not in resources databases will be stored there in respective knowledge source i.e. each generated report may have new data personally edited by the user will be stored in generated report source.
Resources provide the references between context and knowledge sources? In knowledge sources, there is a reuse electronic document, generated reports and quality registries. Quality registries are the record of every patient who visited doctor at least once. Resources are using the competence models of other county staff, medical staff and pharmaceutical staff as well

Proposed Competence Models

We have designed competence models for healthcare which shows the different competencies involved in it and also define relations between them that how the different concepts communicate with each others. We have designed a basic model which shows just the different major concepts involved in it and how they are related to each other. Next we have designed a “High level Competence Model” which shows the high level view of all the major concepts and we also have expanded them into further sub concepts. Then further we have discussed all the concepts individually to make it clear that, what the main functionalities of each of the concept are.

High Level Competence Model

Main task is to design the competence model of the healthcare system to provide information according to demand. One way to do this is to create the competency profiles of the individuals and to provide the information according to their profile. So for getting the required result we have studied different literature to get the required information to design the competence model. After reviewing different competency models exist in our targeted domain, we have become able to design our competence model to represents the different competencies involved in it.
During our work we have arranged workshops and discussions with the domain experts to check the validity and applicability of our models. In the first workshop, which was in the start of our work, we have discussed our domain generally and have presented our initial model to the experts and in the light of their comments we have updated it.
In the second workshop we had discussed our domain more specifically. Had also discussed about the different roles in healthcare organization like, Hospital and which type of information is exist in quality registries and who are the intended users of these resources. We had also discussed about the competencies of different roles in healthcare.

1 Introduction
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 PROBLEM
1.3 PURPOSE
1.4 CONSTRAINTS
1.5 THESIS OUTLINE
2 Theoretical Background 
2.1 COMPETENCE
2.2 MEASURING COMPETENCE
2.3 COMPETENCE MODELLING
2.4 ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
2.5 ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN HEALTHCARE
2.6 DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS
2.7 ONTOLOGY REUSE
3 Research Methods
3.1 CONSTRUCTIVE RESEARCH METHOD
3.2 METHONTOLOGY
4 Results
4.1 WORKSHOPS
4.2 ONTOLOGY REUSE
4.3 CONCEPTUAL MODEL
4.4 PROPOSED COMPETENCE MODELS
4.5 IMPLEMENTATION / REALIZATION OF MODEL IN ONTOLOGY
5 Conclusion and Future Work 
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 FUTURE WORK
6 References
7 Appendix
7.1 SPECIFICATION SECTION
7.2 CONCEPTUALIZATION SECTION
GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT
Structuring and Modelling Competences in the Healthcare Area with the help of Ontologies