Androgens and androgen receptor

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Table of contents

Literature review
Chapter 1: Blood-Brain Barrier and neurovascular unit
1.1 History of the Blood-Brain Barrier
1.2 Concept of the Blood-Brain Barrier and neurovascular unit
1.2.1 The blood-brain barrier
1.2.2 Concept of the Neurovascular Unit
1.3 Morphological basis of the neurovascular unit
1.3.1 Endothelial cells
1.3.2 Basement membrane
1.3.3 Pericytes
1.3.4 Astrocytes end-feet
1.3.5 Neurons
1.3.6 Microglia
1.4 The molecular composition of the tight junction
1.4.1 Occludin
1.4.2 Claudin
1.4.3 Junctional adhesion molecules
1.4.4 Cytoplasmic accessory protein (membrane-associated guanylate kinase – like protein
1.4.5 Actin
1.5 Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier
1.5.1 Passive diffusion
1.5.2 Facilitated diffusion (carrier-mediated transport)
1.5.3 Active transport
1.5.4 Blood-brain barrier transport of macromolecules
1.6 The Blood-Brain Barrier in pathological conditions
1.6.1 Hypoxia and ischemia
1.6.2 Inflammation- associated neurological diseases
1.6.3 Parkinson disease
1.6.4 Epilepsy
1.6.5 Brain tumors
1.6.6 Diabetes
1.6.7 Other insults
Chapter 2: Sex steroid hormones and the central nervous system
2.1 Androgens and androgen receptor
2.1.1 Androgens
2.1.2 Androgen receptor
2.2 Estrogens and estrogen receptors
2.2.1 Estrogens
2.2.2 Estrogen receptors
2.2.2.1 Estrogen receptor alpha
2.2.2.2 Estrogen receptor beta
2.3 Sex steroid hormones and receptors in cerebral blood vessels
2.3.1 Functional effects of sex steroids on cerebral arteries: Vascular tone
2.3.2 Functional effects of sex steroids on cerebral arteries: inflammatory responses
2.4 Sex steroid hormones and the blood-brain barrier
2.5 Sex steroid hormones and other NVU elements, astroglia and microglia
2.5.1 Astrocytes
2.5.2 Microglia
2.5.3 Pericytes
2.6 Sex steroid hormones and mitochondrial metabolism
2.7 Sex steroid hormones and neuroprotection
Chapter 3: Age-related changes in the Blood-Brain Barrier.
Thesis project
Results
Part I: Involvement of sex steroid hormones in the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and the surrounding parenchyma in mouse
A- Gonadal testosterone and neurovascular unit in male mice
B- Gonadal estrogen hormone effect on neurovascular unit in female mouse
Part II: Involvement of sex steroid receptors on the integrity and function of the BBB in adult male mouse
A- Sex steroid hormones receptors involvement in the neurovascular unit integrity of male mouse
B- Short-term action of testosterone on the neurovascular unit in male mouse
Discussion and perspectives
Discussion
Perspectives
References