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Table of contents
Chapitre I. Synthèse bibliographique
I.1. Généralités sur les liquides ioniques
I.2. Applications des liquides ioniques
I.2.1. Utilisation des liquides ioniques dans les procédés de séparation : extraction liquide-liquide
I.2.2. Utilisation des liquides ioniques pour l’extraction de constituants issus de la biomasse
I.3. Modèles thermodynamiques pour présenter les propriétés thermodynamiques des liquides ioniques
I.3.1. Equation d’état cubique et de type SAFT
I.3.2. Modèle d’énergie de Gibbs molaire totale d’excès gE
I.4. Conclusion
Références bibliographiques
Chapter II. Study of the behavior of systems containing (Carbohydrate-ILs)
II.1. Introduction
II.2. Experimental techniques
II.2.1. Materials
II.2.2. Apparatus and procedures
II.3. Results and discussion
II.3.1. Solubility of carbohydrates in pure ionic liquids
II.3.2. Computational theory
II.3.3. Solubility of carbohydrates in a binary mixture of (IL + EtOH)
II.3.3.1. Effect of the structure of the ionic liquid
II.3.3.2. Effect of the structure of the carbohydrate
II.3.3.3. Effect of ethanol/ ionic liquid ratio
II.3.3.4. Effect of temperature
II.3.3.5. Effect of water content
II.3.3.6. The dissolution rate of sugars solubility
II.3.3.7. Applying 23Full-Factorial Design
II.3.4. Extraction process using the antisolvent method
II.5. Conclusion
Chapter III. Study of the Interaction between Carbohydrates and Ionic liquids Using AB Initio Calculations
III.1. Introduction
III.2. Methodology
III.3. Experimental techniques
III.3.1. Materials
III.3.2. Solubility and regeneration of cellulose
III.4. Results and Discussion
III.4.1. Ionic liquids structure optimization and hydrogen bond formation
III.4.1.1. Optimized structures of ionic liquids
III.4.1.2. Hydrogen bonding interaction
III.4.2. Interaction of ionic liquids with carbohydrates
III.4.3. Effect of water on IL-cellulose system
III.4.4. Experimental study on the dissolution and regeneration of cellulose
III.4.4.1. Solubility of cellulose in ionic liquids
III.4.4.2. Characterization of the regenerated cellulose
III.5. Conclusion
References
Chapter IV. Use of Ionic Liquids in the Pretreatment of Miscanthus for Biofuel Production
IV.1. Introduction
IV.2. Experimental techniques
IV.2.1. Materials and miscanthus preparation
IV.2.2. Miscanthus dissolution
IV.2.3. Cellulose extraction and residue separation
IV.2.4. Enhancement of miscanthus delignification
IV.2.5. Determination of cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses content
IV.2.5.1. Determination of lignin content
IV.2.5.2. Determination of cellulose content
IV.2.5.3. Determination of hemicellulose content
IV.2.6. Charecterization of the regenerated cellulose-rich extract
IV.2.6.1. XRD analysis
IV.2.6.2. NMR analysis
IV.2.6.3. FTIR analysis
IV.2.6.4. SEM analysis
IV.2.7. Enzymatic hydrolysis process
IV.2.8. Fermentation of the hydrolysates
IV.2.8.1. Yeast and culture conditions:
IV.2.8. 2. Batch fermentation
IV.3. Results and discussion
IV.3.1 Solubility of miscanthus in ionic liquids
IV.3.1.1. Effect of miscanthus particle size
IV.3.1.2. Effect of temperature and dissolution rate
IV.3.2. Extraction and regeneration of cellulose from miscanthus using ionic liquids
IV.3.2.1. Ash and extractables removal
IV.3.2.2. Effect of antisolvent type
IV.3.2.3. Effect of type of ionic liquid
IV.3.2.4. Effect of temperature
IV.3.2.5. Effect of time
IV.3.2.6. Effect of miscanthus concentration
IV.3.2.7. Applying Box-Behnken Design for the Miscanthus-DMIMMPh mixture
IV.3.2.8. Enhancement of miscanthus delignification
IV.3.2.9. Ionic liquids recycling
IV.3.2.10. Cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose recovery
IV.3.3. Charecterization of the regenerated cellulose-rich extract
IV.3.3.1. XRD analysis results
IV.3.3.2. NMR Analysis results
IV.3.3.3. FTIR analysis results
IV.3.3.4. Morphological investigation
IV.3.4. Bioethanol production
IV.3.4.1. Enzymatic hydrolysis
IV.3.4.2. Fermentation of hydrolysates
IV.3.4.3. Evaluation of fermentation results
IV.4. Conclusion
Conclusion and Perspectives
