Dynamical properties of quantum dot lasers

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Table of contents

1 general introduction 
1.1 Semiconductor lasers
1.1.1 From stimulated emission to laser effect
1.1.2 Laser effect in semiconductor materials
1.2 Nonlinear dynamics of laser diodes
1.2.1 Brief history of chaos and lasers
1.2.2 Semiconductor lasers as damped nonlinear oscillators
1.2.3 Impact of time-delayed optical feedback
1.3 Polarization instabilities in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
1.3.1 From edge-emitting lasers to VCSELs
1.3.2 Experimental observations of polarization instabilities in VCSELs 
1.3.3 Theoretical interpretation of polarization instabilities
1.4 Quantum dot laser diodes
1.4.1 Quantum dots as a gain medium
1.4.2 Dynamical properties of quantum dot lasers
1.4.3 Simultaneous emission from the ground and the excited states 
1.5 Outlines of the thesis
2 deterministic polarization chaos 
2.1 Description of the spin-flip model
2.1.1 SFM equations
2.1.2 Steady-states of the SFM
2.1.3 Key measurements
2.2 Bifurcations to polarization switching
2.2.1 Analysis of possible bifurcation scenarios
2.2.2 Scenario of type-II polarization switching
2.2.3 Self-pulsing dynamics without polarization switching
2.3 Deterministic polarization chaos in free-running VCSELs
2.3.1 Experimental characterization of quantum dot VCSELs
2.3.2 Route to polarization chaos
2.3.3 Statistics of the deterministic mode hopping
2.4 Experimental chaos identification
2.4.1 Estimation of the largest Lyapunov exponent
2.4.2 K2-entropy and correlation dimension
2.4.3 Statistical approach and discrimination of colored noise
2.5 Bistability of limit cycles
2.5.1 Experimental observations
2.5.2 Description of the asymmetric SFM
2.5.3 Impact of the asymmetry on the laser dynamics
2.6 Summary and perspectives
3 application of polarization chaos to random bit generation 
3.1 State of the art – optical chaos-based random bit generators
3.2 Experimental setup
3.3 System performances and influence of the post-processing
3.4 Entropy evolution and its link with polarization chaos
3.5 Summary and perspectives
4 two-mode dynamics in qd lasers with optical feedback 
4.1 Background: two-color QD lasers subject to optical feedback
4.2 Mathematical modeling of the QD lasers
4.2.1 Rate equation with separated electron-hole dynamics
4.2.2 Analytical description of the steady-states
4.2.3 Stability analysis
4.3 Solitary QD laser behavior
4.4 Ground-excited state switching with optical feedback
4.4.1 Evolution at low injection currents
4.4.2 Evolution at medium injection currents
4.4.3 Evolution at large injection currents
4.5 Influence of the laser and feedback parameters
4.5.1 Impact of external cavity length variations
4.5.2 Impact of the electron escape rate
4.6 Experimental observation of switching for varying time-delays
4.6.1 Experimental setup
4.6.2 Behavior of the solitary laser diode
4.6.3 Impact of the optical feedback: experimental observations
4.7 Summary and perspectives
5 conclusion and perspectives 
5.1 Main achievements
5.2 Perspectives for future work
a résumé en français 
a.1 Introduction
a.2 Chaos en polarisation dans un laser VCSEL à boite quantique
a.3 Génération de nombres aléatoires à partir du chaos en polarisation
a.4 rétroaction optique sur un laser à boite quantique à deux couleurs
a.5 Conclusion
b linearization of the sfm 
c grassberger-procaccia algorithm implementation 
d dde-biftool details for lasers with feedback 
references