Neuronal tracing techniques

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Table of contents

1- The Hippocampal-Parahippocampal system: Anatomy, Connectivity and Function 
1.1 Gross anatomy of the hippocampal-parahippocampal region
1.2 Hippocampal-Entorhinal connectivity
1.3 Spatial navigation and its neuronal schemes
2- The Presubiculum: Anatomy, Function and Connectivity
2.1 Anatomy of the presubicular cortex
2.1.1 Anatomical delineation
2.1.2 Laminar organization
2.1.3 Modular structures
2.2 Presubiculum and spatial orientation
2.2.1 Sense of orientation
2.2.2 Properties of presubicular head direction neurons
2.2.3 Head Direction Circuit
2.2.4 Subcortical source of head direction signal
2.2.5 Functional importance of presubiculum in spatial coding
2.3 Neuronal components of the presubiculum
2.3.1 Intrinsic excitability of presubicular neurons
2.3.2 Input and output regions of the presubicular microcircuit
3- GABAergic neurons of a cortical network
3.1 GABAergic neuron types
3.1.1 Morphological properties and postsynaptic targets
3.1.2 Molecular markers and gene expression
3.1.3 Physiology: firing patterns and intrinsic properties
3.2 Other characteristics of interneuron populations
3.2.1. Interneuron input connectivity
3.2.2. Synaptic excitation of interneurons
3.2.3. Interneuron outputs
3.3. Toward a classification of interneuron diversity
4-How inhibition shapes cortical information processing: functional importance of PV and SOM interneurons
4.1 Building blocks of the inhibitory circuit
4.2 The hippocampal-entorhinal circuit
4.2.1 Behavioral states and oscillations
4.2.2 Long-range GABAergic neurons
4.2.3 Importance of interneurons in grid cell activity
4.3 Visual processing
4.4 Somato-sensation
4.5 VIP interneurons – Influence of disinhibition
5-Novels methods for investigating the functional connectivity
5.1 Neuroanatomical tracers
5.1.1 Retrobeads
5.1.2 Cholera toxin B
5.2 Optogenetics
5.2.1 Adeno-associated virus
5.2.2 Microbial opsins
6-Aims of the thesis