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Background
This study is about cattle off-take rates among small-holder producers in South Africa. Cattle contribute 60% of edible livestock products in Africa (FAO, 2006) and are therefore a critical aspect of the livestock sector. Livestock production is an important part of livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa where approximately 70% of the poor own livestock (Sere, 2005). On average, livestock contributes 35% to gross domestic product (GDP) from agriculture on the sub-continent (Otte and Knips, 2005).
Globally, sub-Saharan Africa has the slowest growth in meat production than other developing regions (IFPRI, 1999; Gregory, 2007). The sub-continent owns 14% of the world’s livestock resources but produces only 2.8% of the world’s meat and milk (Otte and Chilonda, 2002). This low productivity has implications for Africa’s ability to meet the millennium development goals. In order to meet the Continent’s agricultural growth target of 6% by 2015, the livestock sector should grow by 4%, annually (FAO, 2006). This is double the current meat supply in sub-Saharan Africa, which is growing at 2.6% per year (Ogle, 1996).
Cattle off-take is a measure of voluntary exits from the herd in the form of sales, slaughter or donation. National cattle off-take rates are determined through annual slaughters for a particular country. Cattle off-take for South Africa ranges between 25% and 30%, which is the highest in sub-Saharan Africa (WTO, 2007). The high national cattle off-take rate is comparable with those of the World’s largest beef producing countries such as Brazil and Australia (Meissner et al., 2013).
In South Africa, the livestock sector epitomises a dualistic economy characterised by a prosperous commercial sub-sector on one side and the less developed small-holder sub-sector on the other. The former consists of mainly large-scale operations while the latter is skewed towards small herds. The small-holder producers are generally less efficient than their commercial counterparts (Meissner et al., 2013).
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background.
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Purpose
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The definition of cattle off-take
2.2 Global herd off-take trends
2.3 Regional Cattle off-take rates
2.4 The role of cattle in small-holder production systems
2.5 Cattle production systems in South Africa
2.6 Implications of low cattle off-take
2.7 The influence of the household on cattle off-take
2.8 The influence of land tenure on cattle off-take
2.9 Market .
2.10 Extension support
2.11 Policy environment
2.12 Production practices
2.13 The influence of drought on cattle off-take
2.14 Summary
CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Study area
3.2 Study design
3.3 Sampling method
3.4 Data collection
3.5 Data analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Household characteristics
4.3 Production practices
4.4 Discussion
4.5 References
CHAPTER FIVE THE INFLUENCE OF HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ON CATTLE OFF-TAKE RATES IN THE NORTH WEST PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.3 Results and discussion
5.4 Conclusions
5.5 References
CHAPTER SIX UTILIZATION OF INDIGENOUS AND ADAPTED CATTLE BY SMALL-HOLDER PRODUCERS IN SOUTH AFRICA: A SOCIO ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
CHAPTER SEVEN HERD MORTALITY AND CATTLE OFF-TAKE RATES AMONG SMALL-HOLDER PRODUCERS IN THE NORTH WEST PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA
CHAPTER EIGHT SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR SMALL-HOLDER CATTLE FARMERS IN Dr RUTH SEGOMOTSI MOMPATI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY IN THE NORTH WEST PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
CHAPTER NINE RESULTS OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS
CHAPTER TEN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
