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Table of contents
1. Chapter One. Context
1.1 Marine Protected Areas
1.1.1. Definition and origins of Marine Protected Areas
1.1.2. MPAs benefits
1.2. Marine Conservation policy
1.2.1. Policy at a global level
1.2.2. Policy at the North East Atlantic level
1.2.3. Integration of the international and EU policy in French and English policy
1.2.4. European and National Marine Protected Areas in the eastern English Channel
1.3. Conservation planning
1.3.1. Systematic conservation planning definition
1.3.2. Biodiversity surrogacy
1.3.3. Target setting
1.3.4. Computational tools
1.3.5. Where are we now?
1.4. The eastern English Channel
1.4.1. The eastern English Channel environment
1.4.2. Habitats in the eastern English Channel
1.4.3 Human uses in the eastern English Channel
1.5. Objectives, methods and plan of the thesis
1.5.1. Objectives and plan
1.5.2. Methods
2. Chapter Two . Defining a pelagic typology of the eastern English Channel
Abstract
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Materials and methods
2.2.1. The study area
2.2.2. The descriptors of the water column
2.2.3. Classification methodology
2.2.4. Interpolation and regionalisation of the classification:
2.2.5 Evaluation of the classification using Principal Component Analysis
2.2.6. Ecological validation of the typology
2.3. Results
2.3.1. The seasonal typologies
2.3.2. The biological validation
2.4. Discussion
3. Chapter Three. Habitat targets using the Species-Area Relationships with different biological datasets and typologies
Abstract
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Habitat maps
3.2.2. Species data
3.2.3. Sensitivity analyses
3.2.4. Calculating habitat targets
3.2.5. Determining the effects of using different habitat targets in Marxan analyses
3.3. Results
3.4. Discussion
3.4.1. Effects of source data
3.4.2. A MPA network reflecting which diversity?
3.4.3. Conclusions
4. Chapter Four. A Gap Analysis of the Marine Protected Area network in the eastern English Channel
Abstract
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Methods
4.2.1. Classifying and mapping the Marine Protected Area network
4.2.2. Ecological data
4.2.3. GIS analysis
4.2.4. Conservation targets
4.3. Results
4.3.1. The MPA network
4.3.2. Habitats coverage by the MPA network
4.3.3. Species preferential habitats coverage by the MPA network
4.4. Discussion
4.4.1. The MPA network
4.4.2. How successful is the MPA network at representing biological diversity of the EEC?
4.4.3. How efficient could be MPA network to conserve biological diversity of the EEC?
4.4.4. Conclusions
5. Chapter Five. Systematic conservation planning in the eastern English Channel: comparing the Marxan and Zonation decision-support tools
Abstract
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Material and methods
5.2.1. Mapping the physical data
5.2.2. Mapping the biological data
5.2.3. Designing the conservation planning system
5.2.4. Marxan and Zonation analyses
5.3. Results
5.4. Discussion
5.4.1. Comparing software packages
5.4.2. Implications for designing MPA networks
6. Chapter Six. Cost representation in conservation planning
Abstract
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Materiel and Methods
6.2.1. Parameterization of the cost function
6.2.2. Calculation of the cost metric equation
6.2.3. Marxan analyses
6.3. Results
6.3.1. Producing the cost layers
6.3.2. Marxan results using fishing activities as cost layers
6.3.3. Marxan results using other human activities as cost layers.
6.2.4. The two final cost equations and their integration in Marxan
Discussion
7. Chapter Seven. General Discussion
7.1 Contributions to marine policy and management
7.1.1 An Ecosystem-based management perspective
7.1.2 Advances in marine ecology and conservation sciences. How can they inform an EBM implementation?
7.2 Limitations and further research
7.2.1 Uncertainty in environmental data and models
7.2.2 Uncertainty in conservation planning
7.2.3 Further research
8. Conclusion
References
